How two systems interact?

To understand what is life is necessary to know a little more how two systems interact, forming bonds that can grow in complexity, at various levels, metabolic, cellular, organic.

There are basically two forms of interaction between systems, the weak interaction or superficial, and the deep or strong interaction.

In the low or superficial interaction, two systems interact only through their appearance, without changing the whole essence. Thus, for a superficial interaction between systems, we have that the systems in essence remain the same before and after the interaction, changing only their appearances. In a weak interaction, the reagents are kept numerically equal with products. This type usually involve low energy.

The type of weak interaction between systems can be of two kinds;
1-Smooth or continuous, when the reagent systems alter their appearance together in a continuous way. Example, when a body such as a ball, it falls, it loses gravitational potential energy and gains kinetic energy in a continuous way. When an electron is hurled towards another electron, it loses kinetic energy in a continuous way (if it is relatively slow).
2-Discrete, when the reagent systems alter the appearance of a whole batch. Example, when the ball falling to the ground with great velocity, then it suddenly change the direction of speed and momentum. As an electron moves to the "bump up" with another electron. When two billiard balls of equal mass collide in a elastic or conservative collision, ball A on the move, another ball B stopped, after the shock, B enter in motion with the same speed of A, while A is stopped.

Already in deep or strong interaction, when two systems interact, they change their whole essence. The system reagents before the interaction are different to the systems products, after the reaction. In addition to qualitative change can also be quantitative (as well as changing its essence, can change the quantity of systems). In a strong interaction, the reagents are always qualitatively different from the products, but may or not also be different quantitatively. Usually involve large energies.

Regarding the type, the strong interaction will always be discontinuous, as it involves the change of systems. A weak interaction may or may not be discontinuous.

The strong interaction can be classified as to the quantity of reagents and products, such as three types;
1-preserved: when the quantity of systems is keeped the same, before and after the reaction. Although it retains the amount, the reagents remain qualitatively different from the products, which is the main feature of strong interaction.
Examples;
Chemical reactions of simple exchange;




Chemical reactions of double exchange;



Nuclear reaction;
14N7 + 4He2 ---> [18F9] ---> 1H1 + 17O8
An atom of helium react with nitrogen, creating a core of iron unstable, which decomposes into an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom.

2-multiplicative or decomposition: when the quantity of systems products is greater than the amount of reactive systems.
Example;
Chemical reaction of decomposition;



Nuclear reaction;
107Ag47 + n ---> [108Ag47] ---> 108Cd48 + e-+ n *
An atom of silver is bombarded by a neutron, producing a core consisting of an additional neutron, which subsequently decomposes emitting an electron and an antineutrino, resulting in a core of cadmium.

3-reductive or synthesis: the quantity of systems products is less than the amount of reactive systems.
Example;
Chemical reaction synthesis;

Weak or Superficial Interaction	Strong or Deep Interaction
Occurs when two or more systems interact only changing their appearances, without changing their essences. Maintain the same number of reagents.	Occurs when two or more systems interact changing their essences. The reagents are qualitatively different from the products and may differ or not also quantitatively.
Involves minor energies, or diluted.	Involves high energies, or more concentrated.
Shows continuous changes and / or discrete.	Shows only slight changes or quantum.
As the quantity of product systems, it is always conservative.	As the quantity of product systems, it may be, conservative, multiplicative, or reductive.

A strong interaction may be linked to an weak interaction at a low level immediately below. A weak and discrete interaction may be associated with a strong interaction at a scale immediately above. As we have an interaction between systems, both types of interactions, weak and strong, may occur simultaneously but at different levels. A strong interaction occurs in a high-level, and a weak interaction in sublevel immediately below. Example;
2H + O = H2O

At a molecular level there was a strong interaction, since there was change of reagents and product. There was a profound interaction. In the atomic level, which is a sublevel below, there was an superficial interaction, because the atoms remained the same in essence and quantity, changing only their association.

To understand how life arises, we must understand how the systems can interact forming associations, in an increasing degree of complexity. I will try to address this theme in later posts.